Perception and Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perception and Decision Making - Essay ExamplePerception is defined on the Wikipedia as follows In psychology and the cognitive sciences, perceptual experienceion is the process of acquiring, interpreting, selecting, and organizing sensory information. (Wikipedia, 2006b). It goes further explaining how perceptions atomic number 18 formed, how they change, and how there can be no perception at all. Lets see more cognitive psychologists hold that, as we move about in the world, we create a model of how the world works. That is, we sense the buttive world, but our sensations map to percepts, and these percepts are provisional, in the same sense that scientific hypotheses are provisional (cf. in the scientific method). As we acquire new information, our percepts shift. () Just as one object can give rise to multiple percepts, so an object may fail to give rise to any percept at all if the percept has no grounding in a persons experience, the person may literally not perceive it. (Wiki pedia, 2006b).Decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a line of action from among multiple alternatives. Every decision-making produces a final choice. It can be an action or an opinion. It begins when we need to do something but we do not hold up what. Therefore decision-making is a reasoning process which can be rational or irrational, and can be based on explicit assumptions or unsounded assumptions. (Wikipedia, 2006a).In the decision-making process many biases can get in the guidance. Among the reasons for this kind of drawback the Wikipedia enumerates the following reasonsSelective search for attestPremature termination of search for evidenceConservatism and inertiaExperiential limitationsSelective perceptionWishful thinking or optimismRecencyRepetition biasAnchoring and adjustmentGroup think - peer pressureSource credibility biasIncremental decision making and escalating commitmentInconsistencyAttribution asymmetryRole fulfillmentUnderestimating uncertainty and the hallucination of controlFaulty generalizationsAscription of causality. (Wikipedia, 2006a).On a closer analysis to all these causes that provoke error in the decision-making process it is easy to produce perception at the core of all these evils. Most of the causes for faulty decisions in the business real of action happen due to misperceptions in one way or the other. The Wikipedia goes on explaining how the ethical principles of decision making vary widely. It lists the following principles and methods as the most common in any decision-making processthe most ruling person/group decides (method dictatorship or oligarchy)everyone participates in a certain class of meta-decisions (method parliamentary democracy)everyone participates in every decision (direct democracy, consensus decision making) (Wikipedia, 2006a).As ft for Making Effective Decisions the Josephson Institute of Ethics states the following concepts, emphasizing our responsibility and accountability in any decision-making process Whether or not we realize it at the time, all our words, actions and attitudes reflect choices. A foundation to good decision-making is acceptance of two core principles we all have the power to decide what we do and what we say, and we are morally responsible for the consequences